The empire's whole machine runs on trusted brown hands, and Bhagawan Chandra Bose is one of the most trusted — a deputy magistrate, the Indian signature at the bottom of the Englishman's order, the man the villages come to. And from inside that trusted seat he can see what the system does that the system never writes down: which revenue assessment quietly breaks a village, which mass death the records file under the soft word scarcity.
When the famine comes to Bengal he does a small thing that tells you everything about him — he spends his own money to keep his villagers alive, while he stamps the orders that the famine was nobody's fault. A man can hold both of those in his hands at once for only so long before he starts looking for a way out that is bigger than himself.

He cannot fight the machine from the inside without being crushed by it; men have tried. So he does something slower, and far harder to stop. He decides to engineer his son. When the boy is old enough, the magistrate does not send him to the fine English school his rank entitles him to — the clean path to a brown clerk's chair inside the administration. He sends him down the road to the ordinary village school, to sit on the earthen floor between a fisherman's son and a servant's son, and learn his own people in his own tongue before he learns a word of the language of the men who govern them.

Read it as sentiment and you've missed the plan. It is the coldest, longest-range strategy in the whole story.
Because a child rooted that deep in his own people cannot, later, be turned into an instrument against them. The empire's entire design is to manufacture useful, grateful, deracinated brown tools. From inside the empire's own service, Bhagawan builds a brown tool that will never, ever serve — and hands it eighteen years to grow before anyone notices what it is.
He spent a position the empire trusted to plant the one thing that position was never meant to grow. The boy on the earthen floor becomes Jagadish Chandra Bose. The magistrate is playing a game he knows he will not live to finish.